Today, scientists working with telescopes at the EuropeanSouthern Observatory and NASA announced a remarkable new discovery: An entire
system of Earth-sized planets. If that’s not enough, the team asserts that the
density measurements of the planets indicates that the six innermost are
Earth-like rocky worlds. And that’s just the beginning.
Three of the planets lie in the star’s habitable zone. If
you aren’t familiar with the term, the habitable zone (also known as the
“goldilocks zone”) is the region surrounding a star in which liquid water could
theoretically exist. This means that all three of these alien worlds may have
entire oceans of water, dramatically increasing the possibility of life. The
other planets are less likely to host oceans of water, but the team states that
liquid water is still a possibility on each of these worlds.
Summing the work, lead author Michaël Gillon notes that this
solar system has the largest number of Earth-sized planets yet found and the
largest number of worlds that could support liquid water: “This is an amazing
planetary system — not only because we have found so many planets, but because
they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth!”
Co-author Amaury Triaud notes that the star in this system
is an “ultracool dwarf,” and he clarifies what this means in relation to the
planets: “The energy output from dwarf stars like TRAPPIST-1 is much weaker
than that of our Sun. Planets would need to be in far closer orbits than we see
in the Solar System if there is to be surface water. Fortunately, it seems that
this kind of compact configuration is just what we see around TRAPPIST-1.”
The system is just 40 light-years away. On a cosmic scale,
that’s right next door. Of course, practically speaking, it would still take us
hundreds of millions of years to get there with today’s technology – but again,
it is notable in that the find speaks volumes about the potential for
life-as-we-know-it beyond Earth.
Moreover, the technology of tomorrow could get us to this
system a lot faster.
These new discoveries ultimately mean that TRAPPIST-1 is of
monumental importance for future study. The Hubble Space Telescope is already
being used to search for atmospheres around the planets, and Emmanuël Jehin, a
scientist who also worked on the research, asserts that future telescopes could
allow us to truly see into the heart of this system: “With the upcoming
generation of telescopes, such as ESO’s European Extremely Large Telescope and
the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, we will soon be able to search for
water and perhaps even evidence of life on these worlds.”
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